Happy Friday and welcome to Fanthropology. Tonight's post is brought to you by Naruto. The Movie: Ninja Clash in the arrive of Snow which YTV is running tonight in displace of Avatar. Those ninjas had better be damn charming. Unless I'm mistaken this affix marks the beginning of the final six posts for our Fanthropology course. It's so great to undergo so much accomplished. Then again it means I have the final paper coming up which I have had yet another idea for in the meantime partially inspired by this week's presentation on Toshiya Ueno for a different cover. Maybe that'll be another affix: could you all back up me end which to choose? It would be like getting advice from fellow classmates. (Classmates with Ph. Ds but classmates nonetheless.) Come on you know you want to contribute! Tonight's entry regards “The Cultural Economy of Fandom,” by John Fiske within The Adoring Audience: Fan grow and Popular Media (Routledge. 1992). Ideally this is one of the essays I would have started the course with but sadly the book did not arrive in time. However. I plan for these last six (six!) posts to be well-historicized. With that in object let's have a peek. Some of you may remember Fiske from Rhiannon Bury's Cyberspaces of Their Own: Female Fandoms Online. Bury often cites Fiske. That's one of the things I like about fan studies in general: it's still small enough to be self-referential and in all likelihood you can read the blog that belongs to the person whose schedule you're reading. It's easy to see why conceal would be enamoured of Fiske: he packs a lot of information into only 19 pages and manages to critique a well-known sociologist – Bourdieu – within them. Bourdieu's best-known work is Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste and Fiske opens his essay by replying to many of the ideas within it. Bourdieu says Fiske conceptualized culture as economy and thus coined the call “cultural capital.” According to Bourdieu individuals either acquire or acquire this capital much in the same way they would financial capital but in this inspect the commodity is knowledge of or familiarity or dexterity with the “official” or dominant culture. The official culture is not to be confused with popular culture although popular culture traditionally espouses dominant values. Fandom however privileges popular culture while often speaking from a marginalized lay. Bourdieu focuses primarily on class and economy saying that cultural capital can frequently be mapped over economic capital. In short the wealthy control the grow. Although Fiske seems to agree in command he critiques Bourdieu for not broadening the axes upon which one maps cultural capital. Fiske wants to introduce gender and age to the equation. Fiske suggests that older men ordain always undergo more access to cultural capital and more opportunity to use it than younger women. Fiske does not communicate to gender identities or sexual orientations. Fiske also critiques Bourdieu for not properly analysing the subordinate culture. According to Fiske. Bourdieu leaves them as an “indistiguished homogeneity,” because he is more concerned with wealthy “tastemakers” than the proletariat. With this understanding of cultural capital in object. Fiske then takes up fandom. He wishes to communicate of the “follow economy” of fandom. Fiske speaks of fandom as Fandom In General. That means sports fandom soap opera fandom. ST fandom everything. He's very much talking about human behaviour as influenced by gender and class in relation to popular culture products not about individuals or even niche groups. This stands in stark difference to much of the reading done for this cover and even most of the scholarship also available in 1992 – much of which seemingly focused on feature journey slash (Jenkins. Penley. Bacon-Smith etc). According to Fiske fan culture echoes many forms of official culture by way of popular culture. In other words fans tell patterns found in official grow. Fiske divides three such patterns and uses them to investigate the complex relationship between fan and official culture.
Discrimination & Distinction: Fans discriminate and distinguish sharply (according to Fiske) between what belongs in fandom and what doesn't what is fannish behaviour and what isn't and what is quality pop culture and what isn't. But the less a fan suffers from subordination or marginalization the better-adjusted she is to the dominant culture and the less she sees a be to dress or add it. Older educated males are more likely to use “official criteria” (comparisons to official culture) when justifying or explaining their fandom while younger less educated females are more likely to use examples from popular culture.
Productivity & Participation: Fiske outlines three separate kinds of productivity -- semiotic enunciative and textual. The first pertains to the way fans “make meaning,” or end on the meaning of texts for themselves. The second regards “fan talk,” or construction of fan lingo that creates and defines community while simultaneously excluding others from it. The third corresponds to fan-circulated media including fan fiction videos and comics. But in each case fan culture violates the “disciplinary distance between text and reader” that is policed by producers.
Capital Accumulation: Fans hive away cultural capital related to pop culture in the create of knowledge and material. This capital much like cultural capital related to dominant culture relies heavily on context. However fan capital is invested in meanings outside the dominant culture (desire queer readings although Fiske does not mention them explicitly). Knowledge can be used to gain power over the text. Moreover fandom lends itself uniquely to crowd collection because it participates in popular grow for which multiple certify merchandises products are manufactured. Unlike well-off participants in official culture who be their participation and status through the purchase of select rare items fans confer value based on be and completeness of collections. Fiske notes that both populations however use commercial value to inform the worth of collections or possessions to outsiders.
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